Additive Robotic Attachment for Lab Automation

What it does

Automation devices reduce repetitive tasks, improve data reliability, and handle hazards. Our project offers affordable, 3D-printed end parts for robotic arms, requiring minimal modifications. This small-scale solution enhances research efficiency globally.

Your inspiration

The team leader, overwhelmed by mundane tasks during graduate research, initially created a software-based automation system. However, hands-on laboratory work still consumed most of their time, necessitating real-world automation. However, lacking resources and with no mechatronics knowledge, building a robot was impractical. Thus, they focused on using existing robotic arms, adjusting them by creating their own end parts to automate specific tasks. After successfully automating reagent transfers, they aimed to develop more end parts for broader experimental automation, enhancing efficiency of small-scale research at a low cost.

How it works

In this project, robotic arms are equipped with easy-to-build end parts using commercially available electronic components for cost-effectiveness and reliability. 3D printing allows for flexible design adjustments. We integrate existing lab tools into the automation system instead of expensive specialized equipment. We automate liquid handling tasks with pipettes, syringes, and Pasteur pipettes. Each end part is designed for specific functions, using stepper motors and pressure sensors for precise control. Servo motors provide quick discharge with syringes. An auxiliary device rotates beakers with 3D-printed gears and capacitive sensors. A computer controls all parts via serial communication, enabling complex operations with real-time feedback. This simple, extensible system allows for further variations of end parts.

Design process

Initially, the project aimed for automation of column chromatography, focusing on the movement of beakers and analysis of samples with syringes. The first attempt to combine both tasks in one robotic hand failed due to weight and complexity, leading to the development of multiple, simpler end parts that could be swapped as needed. Beaker movement was improved using one dedicated device, which moves beakers automatically when a certain volume was reached as detected by a non-contact liquid sensor. For sample analysis, fragile capillaries were replaced with micro syringes, enabling precise and fast injections. Maintaining precise timing for injections at 0.3-second intervals was achieved by improving the syringe end part. Feedback from laboratories highlighted the need for pipette automation. To achieve this, an end part was developed using pressure sensors, and it was adjusted for compatibility with various pipette brands. This approach enabled handling of various shapes of existing laboratory equipment. The development process involved design, fabrication, and testing of end parts connected to robot arms, achieving automatization of complex functions. The project includes a platform for easy sharing of know-how among users, aiming for automation of a wide range of tasks.

How it is different

This work stands out for its affordability and compact size. Traditional automation devices are costly and large, impractical for small labs or individual researchers who have limited resources. This system offers a desk-scale solution, using 3D printing, commercial components, and open-source software to cut costs. Another key feature is scalability. Unlike traditional devices limited to specific tasks, this system supports various operations like pipetting and syringes with a single, modular end part, compatible with different sizes and manufacturers. Flexible customization is also a highlight. Tools can be used automatically or manually. The pipette holder fits conventional shapes, allowing use without automation. Users can choose 3D data and codes for a versatile, specialized system suitable for various experiments. In summary, this work excels through its low cost, compact size, scalability, and flexible customization.

Future plans

We aim to develop end parts for any experiment, enhancing global research capabilities. To achieve this, we will conduct interviews in research institutions and create end parts for tasks like opening vials and weighing solids. Leveraging collective intelligence through an open-source platform, we can modularize automation systems for broader use. As the platform evolves, we foresee control with simple instructions or augmented reality without programming skills. Similar technologies could automate household tasks like laundry and cooking. This project aims to advance automation technology, offering beneficial solutions to a wider audience.

Awards